Concord / FGV Adela Biogas Plant

: Blog; 3 décembre 2018

Concord / FGV Adela Biogas Plant

Biogas

Biogas is a form of energy produced by anaerobic digestion ( the decomposition of constituents of biodegradable matter in an oxygen-free environment). It is a mixture of gases mainly carbon dioxide and methane. Approximate biogas compositon:

     - Methane (CH₄) 55 to 65 %
     - Carbon dioxide (CO₂) 30 to 35 %
     - Water vapour 1 to 5 %
     - Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) 0 to 3 %
     - Hydrogen (H₂) 0 to 1 %

The decomposition of waste material during anaerobic digestion is caused by bacterial action rather than high temperatures. It takes place in almost any biological environment, but is favoured by warm, wet and low oxygen conditions.

Anaerobic digestion also occurs in two major situations created by human activities:

     - Sewage (human waste) or animal manure.
- Landfill gas produced by domestic refuse buried at landfill sites.

In nature, there also many raw materials (organic materials) from which biogas can be extracted: human and animal manure, leaves, twigs, grasses, garbage, agricultural and industrial wastes with organic content greater than 2 %.
The biogas produced can be used for cooking, heating, lighting (using gas lamps), electricity generation, operation of farm and other energy needs. The effluent produced from the process can be used as a fertilizer for crops.

Valves (automatic block, check)
Flow metering and recording
Gages to measure pressure, temperature, etc
Condensate treatment and handling equipment
Electrical equipment
Instrumentation
Utilities

Selection of the appropriate blower is determined by such factors as the quantity and end use of the LFG, the vacuum required to extract the gas, the pressure required for processing, etc. The main types of blowers used for LFG applications include single and multi-stage centrifugal blowers: I.E. constant vacuum/pressure, variable gas volume machines, incorpating a butterfly valve at the unit inlet.

captura-de-pantalla-2021-03-18-a-las-16.41.18 Concord / FGV Adela Biogas Plant

Biogas and the environment.

There is a significant quantity of unused organics (animal waste) in rural areas. The organics can produce large quantities of methane gas and present technology may be utilized and adapted to local conditions.

Bio-digester design and output expectations must be tailored to the rosources, climatic conditions and builiding materials available. To minimize capital cost for equipment, it is important to ensure that the digester is appropriately designed.

Anaerobic digestion also occurs in ponds, marshes and manure pits where there is an abundance of rotting organic materials. Bubbles are often seen coming up to the surface and upon combustion of the bubbles (filled with methane), a violet blue, smokeless and odourless flame is observed. Methane is about 23 times more potent as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide ( CO2).

Requirements for a successful system

Keep the digester away from naked flames and electrical equipment than may spark.
Buildings should be well ventilated.
Explosion proof motors, wiring and lights should be used.
Perform periodic system checks for gas leaks.
Follow Bunsen burner safety rules when testing the gas with a flame.
Utilize gas detection and alarm devices in enclosures.
Do not divet the effluent from the unit directly into lakes or streams.

Safety precautions

Safety concerns related to biogas generation include health hazards and risks of fire or explosion. Biogas is flammable and can be explosive when mixed with air.

Acceptance by potencial users.
Ability to use the gas when produced.
Sufficient demand for gas.
Availability of sufficient raw materials to meet the production requirements.
Adequate maintenance and operational control.

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